The Criminal Justice System Across The Country Essay

The criminal justice system across the country is designed to punish and strive to rehabilitate those who have committed offenses against the law. Compared to some of the harshest regimes in the world, the United States has a harsh history of mass incarceration. American prisons maintain nearly 25 percent of the world’s prison population. Of the nearly 2.3 million incarcerated, 1 million are African Americans (NAACP). The poverty-stricken in America, especially those who are persons of color, face a greater risk of incarcerated for minor offenses than their white counterparts. People charged and or convicted of crimes are overwhelmingly poor. The Prison Policy Initiative finds that incarcerated people have a median annual income of $19,185 prior to their incarceration which is 41% less than that of non-incarcerated individuals of a similar age (â€Å"Prisons of Poverty†). Both race and socio-economic status plays a critical role in the inequality that takes place in th e criminal justice systems. Over the last half century, the total number of those imprisoned has spiked dramatically as crime rates have sharply dropped since the early 1990’s. Experts offer varied explanations for the troubling growth of the American prison industrial complex, including the War on Drugs, harsh mandatory minimum sentences and a system largely incapable of handling suspects with mental health issues (Lee). Across the United States, the cost of the justice system is paid increasingly by theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Victim and Crime Evulation1159 Words   |  5 PagesMay 5, 2014 Joeseph Caulfield The Criminal Justice system today is our scale of judgment. It plays a major part in how we live and how we continue to live among all the dangers, evil and corruption that surrounds us. Without it there wouldn`t be the fine line of right and wrong, there wouldn`t be justice. 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It is a popular viewpoint, embodying the ideals and institutions of a society or segment of society. Although myths are regarded as fictional representations, they often reveal underlying ideals. Myths often tell us more about our social and cultural values than they do about any

Interpersonal Communication in a Marriage Free Essays

My name is Olevia Johnson and I am going to be giving you a little advice on how you should communicate with one another in your new marriage. I am going to address the way you should properly use interpersonal communication with one another on a healthy daily basis. I want to address in this letter: Understand how perceptions, emotions, and nonverbal expression affect interpersonal relationships. We will write a custom essay sample on Interpersonal Communication in a Marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Define emotional intelligence and its role in effective interpersonal relationships. Evaluate appropriate levels of self-disclosure in relationships. Describe strategies for managing interpersonal conflicts. Understand the impact of gender and culture on interpersonal communications. In learning how to understand how perceptions, emotions and nonverbal expression affect interpersonal relationships I ran across this article and it stated , Schachner, Dory A. Patterns of Nonverbal Behavior (Fall 2005) Nonverbal behavior and sensitivity to a relationship partner’s nonverbal messages have important effects on the quality of interpersonal interactions and relationships. The abilities to encode, or express, and to decode, or understand, nonverbal cues are crucial to the communication of emotions (e. g. Ekman, 1988; Siegman Feldstein, 1987) and are associated with mental health, social adjustment, and relationship satisfaction (e. g. , DePaulo, 1992; Noller, 1985). Encoding and decoding abilities are diverse and quite variable, being affected by social context and interactants’ social roles (Snodgrass, 1985). They apply to a variety of content domains, including personal dispositions, behaviors, internal states, interpersonal intentions, self-presentational strategies, and social relations (Bernieri, 2001). – . Emotional intelligence and its role in effective interpersonal relationships. Bridgepoint Education, (2011) para2. 5 Emotional intelligence is a set of skills that can be learned. We can improve our emotional intelligence by increasing our awareness of emotional issues and improving our ability to identify, assess, and manage our feelings. Emotional intelligence is something that we use to communicate with others and without it we could not be able to understand what others are saying to us and the emotions that they are using to explain to us what is wrong what is just going on in their lives and the lives around us. When evaluating of levels of self-disclosure a lot of people feel very uncomfortable about certain things they tell a person it could be that they don’t trust a person enough to disclose this type of information or they just want to be more private than others. In chapter 7 (Bridgepoint Education, (2011) Para 5. It states that Most of us willingly give people some types of information such as name and the town in which we live. However, would you give someone your street address? Your phone number? A credit card number? The answer to these questions is usually â€Å"It depends. † Decisions about self-disclosure are often based on how well you know the other person, your predictions about how he or she will react to the information, your judgment about why he or she needs to know the information, and your assumptions about what he or she will do with the knowledge. In other words, you must know someone well enough or be comfortable enough with him or her to be able to predict how the listener will respond. You must trust the other person not to take advantage of the information you share. We do not disclose to everyone we know in the same way. You may have some information you are willing to share with everyone, some information you would be willing to share with a close friend, some information you would share only with your spouse or significant other, and still other information that you might share with a close friend but might not tell your family. John and heather these things that you should think about when you are discussing your love life among others these things can harm a marriage , especially the beginning . Now I would like to discuss strategies for managing interpersonal conflicts, it has always been important to manage the way the relationship of you and another person communicates. You can do this by addressing a problem in the relationship early on. In chapter 9(Bridgepoint Education, (2011) Para 5 it states that you can do this by Your knowledge of the other person and how he or she might react to such displays should govern whether you use any of these methods. Remembering the positive things about your relationship when you are in conflict can often allow you to work out differences and have a utually satisfying resolution that preserves a happy relationship. You can also often prevent conflict by using the other interpersonal communication skills discussed in this text and increasing your awareness of your own communication behaviors. Are you unconsciously creating potential conflict situations through your use of threatening language? Is your nonverbal behavior at times dominee ring or overbearing? Do you get overly emotional during conflict situations? Paying attention and modifying your behavior, checking your perceptions with other people, practicing effective listening skills, and using the skills of emotional intelligence can all be useful means of preventing or diminishing conflict. Also, resist the temptation to judge others when they do not communicate as well as you would like and try to be tolerant and accepting of the behavior of others when they explain things in more detail than you need, they talk too slowly, or they ramble. These are key things to remember whenever you and your mate or having a bad day I might say , or something did not go right for the other one. I want you guys to understand the impact of gender and culture on interpersonal communications. In the Journal of Social psychology it states that the research on gender differences is quite extensive (Burgoon, Buller, Woodall, 1989; Hayduk, 1983). Observed differences between males and females typically are attributed to the more affiliative and/or submissive sex roles of women in a society relative to men (Eakins Eakins, 1978; Henley LaFrance, 1984); presumably, such roles lead women to establish closer proximity to others, to use a more direct body orientation, and to be more receptive to the use of touch than men are. In fact, studies have confirmed that (a) female dyads interact at closer distances than do male dyads (Aiello Jones, 1971; Evans Howard, 1973; Mehrabian Diamond, 1971), (b) mixed-sex dyads tend to be more proximate than male dyads (Baxter, 1970; Cook, 1970; Evans Howard, 1973), (c) women allow closer approaches from others than men allow (Dosey Meisels, 1969; Patterson Edinger, 1987; Willis, 1966). d) the body orientations of women interactants are more direct than those of men (Jones, 1971; Mehrabian Friar, 1969), (e) female and mixed-sex dyads use touch more than male dyads (Elzinga, 1975; Hall Veccia, 1990; Henley, 1973; Jones, 1971; Major, 1982; Stier Hall, 1984), and (f) in mixed-sex interactions touch may be initiated more by males (Henley, 1973; Heslin Boss, 1980; Major Williams, 1980) or by either gender depending on factors such as culture (Shuter, 1977), type of touch (Hall Veccia, 1990; Jones, 1986), or age of interactants (Hall Veccia). In other countries as well, similar results have been obtained (Shuter, 1976, 1977; Sussman Rosenfeld, 1982). These types of facts are things that you should consider as an interracial couple and try to always defeat the odds Those are just some of the topics I wanted to address with you so on the rest of your marital journey you can just love one another with less conflict. This is why I felt the need to address the way you should properly use interpersonal communication with one another on a healthy daily basis. Good Luck, How to cite Interpersonal Communication in a Marriage, Papers

Sales Case Study free essay sample

We can always hire regular employees but sometimes we only need someone for a little while. When company needs help they often need it right away. Markets change and the economy changes with it. Businesses need to have that type of flexibility also. In this case where two out of five salespersons have resigned within six months of joining the company, there is definitely a problem with the staffing process. The staffing process of SWISHFLOW LTD. (which deals in manufacturing and marketing consumer durables like fans and water purifies for household consumers and commercial firm) included the sales manager deciding the job qualifications of salespersons based on what they have learnt in MBA programme and have various other serious concerns as well. Improvement in the Staffing Process There is a need of reviewing the whole staffing process and tries to find out the problems and their respective solutions. Swishflok need to do the theoretical work and should emphasis once again on the selection of salespersons. We will write a custom essay sample on Sales Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It includes establishing responsibility, deciding upon sales identifying various sources for recruiting for sales, selecting the sales people, giving them job offer and by providing social- contacts as well as contacts with co workers. So the staffing process should be as Establish Responsibility Problem: Almost all of the staffing decisions are governed by the sales manager and he is lacking in practical knowledge as well. Solution: Staffing Decisions should be controlled by the apex authority of organization whether by top level management or they can have a separate dedicated authority for it. Moreover Mr. Sunil Kumar, Sales Manager of Swishflow Ltd. should take suggestions and recommendations from the concerned authorities. Deciding the number of sales person needed Problem: Recruitment of only 5 salespeople to cover major metros cities of Maharashtra will not give accurate results due to insufficient coverage. Solution: Swishflow ltd. Should go for hiring of more salespersons depending upon area of coverage. And more and more people should be called for interview so as to get better and qualified salespersons. Outline the type of Sales People needed Problem: Problem related to outline the type of sales people needed are most importantly that Sales manager have assigned different works to salespersons which leads to lose their interest and ultimately end with lack of job satisfaction among salespersons. Solution: The best solution for this thing will be that Salespeople should be used efficiently in their respective domain only. Â  Identify sources of sales recruits Problem: The company is using advertisement in the local newspaper as a external source for recruiting the salespeople only which is traditional and not so much effective. Solution: Swishflow Ltd. hould advertise in national newspapers as well as in trade journals in order to get a good number of highly qualified candidates. Develop tools amp; procedure for measuring applicants Problem: Swishflow have adopted the method of deciding upon the job qualifications of salespersons based on what they have learnt in their MBA program. Solution: Instead of giving job description as pe r their academic background company should consult experienced members of the company. Selection Decision Problem: The biggest and severe problem with the whole selection process is absence of H. R. person in the interview process. Moreover there is also a problem with wrong selection criteria – absence of local people. Solution: They should include at least one H. R. person in the selection process. For example Head of the organization can take part in selection process. Sales people should be local to their area of operation. HIRING Making the job offer Problem: Compensations to salespersons were not clearly defined. As per the case salespersons are having Residence problem. Solution: Regarding compensation of salespeople details should be informed priorily and clearly. The company conducted a one week training program only and generally guidedthe new sales person who reported Mr. Sunil Kumar directly. Solution: More time and emphasis should be given to training in order to give all-round development of people Assimilation Problem: Lack of social interaction with the new environment. Solution: Sales manager should give as much time as possible to the new sales person by providing social- contacts as well as contacts with co workers. They can also show them various video tapes or films about the company’s mission should be. They should shared values, employee benefits and the information about the job.

Until Theres Nothing Left of Us free essay sample

When I first came across Kill Hannah, I naturally speculated about the origin of the Chicago band’s moniker. Who is Hannah? Is someone being ordered to kill her? Is it a wish? A plea? Was there a breakup? Maybe Hannah was a pet. Did she have to be put to sleep? Did Hannah attack a mailman? After popping in the band’s second album, â€Å"Until There’s Nothing Left of Us,† I began to realize the untimely fate of Hannah. Poor girl must have overdosed on too much mediocre mainstream electro-space-rock. My condolences to Hannah’s family. From the beginning of â€Å"Life in the Arctic,† I knew I was in for something either artsy and pretty or ordinary and mundane. A short, unintelligible dialogue gives way to a bass line and distant guitar screeches before big drums and a bouncing piano take over. The inherent overproduction points the band toward a space-rock sound which becomes more evident as the album chugs along. We will write a custom essay sample on Until Theres Nothing Left of Us or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Believer,† the second track, is the proverbial kick-in-the-behind where the band realizes they need to do something productive. Enter the corny synth line, crashing power chords, and the vocals of Mat Devine. Ah, Mat Devine. He sings with a hushed tone and as-of-yet unparalleled androgyny. There’s so much estrogen in the vocals that I bring up the notion that he may have been Hannah in a past life. â€Å"Lips Like Morphine† is perfect for radio and television. The synth is as prevalent as ever, the drums are stale and reek of recycling, and as Devine proclaims that he wants â€Å"a girl with lips like morphine,† the tweens are already arriving at his doorstep with love notes and a burning desire for a hug. The rest of the album is more of the same tracks so similar that they could be interchanged, synth stolen straight from the 1980s, and more of Devine’s contrived lyrical wit. â€Å"Crazy Angel† opens with a woman (Hannah?) asking, and I quote, â€Å"What’s the craziest thing you’ve done recently?† It makes me shiver with nausea. The fact that the chillingly annoying line is repeated halfway through the song only worsens matters. â€Å"Sleep Tight† functions as an end to the album and is simply a replay of the introduction with added lyrics. It seems a tacked-on afterthought, a good idea with not-so-good execution. I make â€Å"Until There’s Nothing Left of Us† sound worse than it is. Granted, somewhere between the reused drum beats, cheesy synth lines and boring lyrics, the music inadvertently finds ways to be mildly interesting. But for all the bits of music salvaged from the trash heap, the majority of the album is transposable filler and in the end the entire product is as average as average gets. However, judging by the band’s â€Å"market us† image and made-for-radio style, Kill Hannah is definitely going places. Good for them, but after listening to their sophomore release, I’ve come to the conclusion that Hannah just isn’t my type.

The History, Aspects, and Impact of Computer Technology essays

The History, Aspects, and Impact of Computer Technology essays Computer users of today probably think computers have been developed within the 20th century. Surprisingly, computers originated before the birth of Jesus Christ. Computers are an essential part of each and every day in our modern life. They entertain, educate, assist in daily tasks and in many instances, fascinate us with their capabilities. They can be found almost everywhere. Computers are the basis for PDAs, which are used by many busy people to schedule their work and life appointments; air traffic control systems, that direct airplanes in their movement; satellites, that keep us in communication with the rest of the world; information systems which aid manufacturing, and in the systems which aid in health care. Computer technology has made rapid advances within the last seventy-five years. Lets examine the development of computers throughout history. A computer is a machine that performs rational calculations. A computer may be able to process information to perform repetitive tasks, as well as store information. Computers can be as simple as pebbles, systematically placed on stones, to as complex as massive machines, processing and storing large amounts of data. Computers may require many operators or operate without human intervention. Utilizing complex programs, computers can perform unimaginable tasks or perform large amounts of work in record speed. Throughout history, there have been many events that have influenced the development of computers. As early as 3000 B.C., clay tablets, holding pebbles in grooves for counting, were introduced within the Tigris-Euphrates Valley. In all essence, this was the first computer. Other historians argue that the first computer was the abacus, a counting tool. It originated in Egypt in 2000 B.C., approximately a millennium previous to reaching the Orient. Around this same time, Stonehenge observatory was constructed in England. All these wer...

Anglo-Saxon Ideologies And Customary Practices By Pagans

Anglo-Saxon Ideologies And Customary Practices By Pagans The poem Beowulf was written between the 8th and 10th centuries, a time of great transition. Anglo-Saxons still dominated England, and Christianity had only come to the region one hundred or so years before. Although the new religion spread quickly, Anglo-Saxon (or Norse) paganism and its influence in the English peoples lives did not subside quickly. Although Beowulf often speaks of God, the story of Cain and Abel, and the Great Flood, there are major pagan motifs and social interactions that underly the poem and keep it rooted in old Anglo-Saxon ideas. The poem synthesizes Christian and pagan beliefs, and a close reading shows that there are many more pagan elements than immediately obvious. More than Christianity, paganism is the social basis for the society Beowulf addresses. Some elements of Christianity are obvious in this poem. Grendel is said to have descended from Cain, Adam and Eve’s fratricidal son in the Book of Genesis (Heaney, 9), and the poem makes frequent references to thanking God for bestowing victory upon Beowulf. However, as Beowulf scholar Benjamin Slade points out in his talk comparing the Christian and pagan elements of the story, the poet never names Christ explicitly. After his defeat of Grendel, Beowulf calls for the â€Å"Almighty Father be thanked† (Heaney, 63). Yet as Slade points out, giving thanks to God and making references to divine blessings and judgment after death are not at all exclusive to Christian theology. Beowulf contains very little talk of Christs teaching of salvation and forgiveness, and there is almost an exclusively â€Å"Old Testament† feel to the poem’s Christian elements. An interesting point where Christianity and paganism cross in the story is the mention of a â€Å"great flood† depicted on the hilt of a sword (Heaney, 117). Indeed, there is talk of a great flood in Genesis, but Slade correctly observes that the flood described in the poem â€Å"makes no reference to Noah, or an ark, or the effect of the flood on anyone except the giants.† A flood killing many giants, however, is not exclusive to Christianity, but is also mentioned in the pagan story of Ymir in which the giants blood floods the world and kills all the other giants. Thus, it seems that the author blended two traditions into one poetic element in a very ambiguous way. One of the major pagan elements that is common across the story is the idea of Fate. Fate was an integral part of Anglo-Saxon and Norse theology, and the Anglo-Saxon society from which Beowulf sprang (and the Norse societies to which the poem speaks) still placed a great deal of trust in it. Fate is what leads King Hygelac to his death in battle (Heaney, 85) and is what leads to Grendel’s death – not simply the will of God. Just as much talk as there is of Gods grace and will, there is talk of destiny and divine inevitability. Even in his final moments, Beowulf speaks of his death and his past glories as being part of his fate. As the poems hero says before fighting Grendel: â€Å"Fate goes as ever Fate must† (Heaney, 31). Another pagan social ideal central to the poem is the concept of the feud or duel. In Anglo-Saxon and Norse society, the holmgang – the traditional duel for settling disputes of honor – was considered very important to maintain the balance of social harmony (Day). For Hrothgar, the King of the Danes, the need to slay Grendel is not just from a need to protect his kingdom, but to avenge the destruction of his hall at Heorot and the death of his thanes (retainers) at the hands of Grendel (Heaney, 9-11). Even the demonic mother of Grendel seems bound by this code, when she seeks revenge for the death of her son at the hands of Beowulf and his cohorts (Heaney, 89). The Christian ideal of loving ones enemies and â€Å"turning the other cheek† seems clearly absent for the heroes in Beowulf, who seem to be bound by the need to maintain the balance of honor by feuding between various sections of society (Day). The poems hero sums up clearly the Nordic idea of the importa nce of the feud, in saying â€Å"It is always better to avenge dear ones than to indulge in mourning† (Heaney, 97). The most critical remnant of Anglo-Saxon pagan social relations within Beowulf is the aforementioned concept of honor. In slaying Grendel, it is just as important that Beowulf gained a great deal of honor for himself and the Geatish people as it was for him to defend the Danes from Grendel and the monster’s mother. King Hrothgar speaks clearly of family honor, an dits importance to society, within his family and Beowulfs family after Grendels death (Heaney 83-85). Even at the end of his life, Beowulf is not concerned about salvation or accession into Heaven, but instead is more concerned with having fulfilled an honorable life that is worthy of posthumous prestige (Heaney 189, 213). His death is an explicitly pagan one, with a traditional cremation on a funeral pyre bedecked with gold and treasures, rather than the simple Christian burial rites of the time (which were more concerned with the glories and riches awaiting the dead in Heaven, not their earthly possessions). Although the poet that put Beowulf to paper was almost certainly a Christian, the society that he inhabited was not completely Christianized itself, and the content and social interactions within the poem make this quite clear. While there is much talk of God, Cain and Abel, and divine rewards, there is never a specific mention of these things being exclusively Christian elements of the story. For Beowulf, honor and prestige are far more important than enacting Gods will or achieving salvation after death, even at the end of his life. Thus, one cannot say that Beowulf is a Christian poem, but a tale that grew out of a society in transition from pagan to Christian. WORKS CITED: Slade, Benjamin. â€Å"à ¾rym gefrunon, helle gemundon: Indogermanic shruti and Christian smriti in the Epistemology of Beowulf.† paper given [in absentia] at 38th International Congress on Medieval Studies. Kalamazoo (Michigan), 2003. Heaney, Seamus. Beowulf: A New Verse Translation. New York: W.W. Norton, 2001. Day, David. â€Å"Hwanan sio faeho aras: Defining the Feud in Beowulf†. Philological Quarterly, Winter 1999, 78:77-95.

Shaping Marketing Decisions Based on Consumer Behavior Essay

Shaping Marketing Decisions Based on Consumer Behavior - Essay Example It is important to note that the buying process originates in the mind long before a customer has made a conscious effort to make a purchase, and such a decision shall be affected by personality and social-cultural factors (McKenna 2000). Consumer behavior thus is a study that attempt to assess why consumers buy where they buy, the influence that affects their purchase decision, how they view your products or services relative to those of your competitors, and most importantly, why they should stick to your products in the face of a market awash with similar products and services from your competition. It also involves an assessment of the attitudes that consumers have towards a service or a product and the role that they play in their households, as this shall affect their purchase decisions (Lele 1002). Consumer behavior is both a dynamic and complex process. It is also multidimensional and tends to greatly impact on all the marketing decisions of a firm. An evoked set is that subset of brands within a product category that is often considered by individuals when they wish to make a purchase (Campbell, 1969). Given that there is a large number of brands that are contained in each of the individual product categories, consumers thus resorts to the use of evoked sets with a view to making their purchase decisions easier. From a consumer's perspective, an evoked set could as well be regarded as an awareness set made up of particular brands within a product category that a given set of consumers are aware of (Narayana & Markin 1975). In other words, an evoked set could be viewed as those handful of choices that will often pass through our minds when we are just about to arrive at a buying decision. For instance, when someone is purchasing say, a personal computer, such brands as either Sony or Dell may come to mind. In this case, this is an evoked set. For a marketer, it is crucial that his/her products be aligned so as to constitute a valid evoked set in the minds of customers. This is all about creating a brand image of your products and services that appeal to the market. According to Lele (1992), only those brands that form an evoked set within the consumers' minds get to be purchased. Lele Further opines that if a brand or supplier is not part of an evoked set, then such a brand will either be rarely purchased by a consumer or be ignored altogether. A majority of consumers' evoked sets have at most five differing brands. Consequently, it often becomes quite tricky to have more that a similar number of firms having a widespread acceptance as being distinguished and exceptional. Owing to the multiplicity of opinions, it would not be easy to have to say, three firms or brands being a part of the perception of quite a sizable proportion of the consumer market. Due to this, most of the marketers for packaged goods often fight viciously to obtain a share of the consumers' mind, and hence their attention. When a firm fails to familiarize itself with a buyer groups' evolved set, then the achievement of its overall strategy through the use of differentiation is jeopardized (Lele 1992).  

Article by Gordon Fee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Article by Gordon Fee - Essay Example Thus on the basis of its rarity and illogicality it seems as though the words were not originally written by Paul but were in a fact a subsequent interpolation. The second major argument that seems convincing is that "one can make much better sense of the structure of Paul's argument without these intruding sentences." This is based upon the idea that Paul's argument should be logical and coherent rather than apparently more impressionistic and illogical. In and of itself the idea that Paul's argument should be logical does not necessarily imply that it is logical in this case. But Fee provides an exhaustive, detailed explanation of how the passage (without the interpolation) is a traditionally Pauline piece in terms of substance and structure. This includes the rhetorical, argumentative question of "or did the word of God originate with you" . Fee is convincing because he is apparently balanced in his argument. Thus he does allow that "if one were to conclude that vv.34-35 are authentic, they would appear to be best understood as something of an afterthought to the present argument." While Fee does not consider such an "afterthought" very likely, he at least places it within the realms of possibility. Rhetorically, this is an effective device that allows the reader to take on board the main thrust of Fee's argument without believing that he has something of an axe to grind. More proof is provided by Fee through the pointing out of the fact that "these verses stand in contradiction to II:2-16 where it is assumed without reproof that women pray and prophesy in the assembly." Other possible explanations, such as the idea that Paul is in fact quoting from someone else here, is effectively dismissed by his suggestion that "it presupposes the unlikely scenario that some in the church were forbidding women to speak - and especially that the quotation would come from the same Corinthian letter that is otherwise quite pro-women." Thus even if Paul is quoting, it seems unlikely that he would want to quote from those who are supposedly "anti-women" when his argument actually stems from the opposite point of view. Here Fee implies that Fee is simply too good a writer, with too broad a knowledge of his subject and too great an arsenal of persuasive skills to fall into such a trap. Thus Fee succeeds in effectively making it both unlikely that Paul actually wrote these verses in the context of other interpolations as well as the fact that the verses would simply not make sense within the context of the writing that surrounds them. Paul is not attempting to limit the role of women in the rest of this Letter, so it seems unlikely that he would suddenly start to do so here. b) The idea that the verses are not binding on Christians, because they are, as Fee convincingly suggests, non-Pauline in nature is a perhaps more complex matter. This assumes that Paul's actual writing is the inspired Word of God whereas that of the unidentified, later interpolator is not. If this is the case then these verses need not be binding on Christians. Fee's argument is based upon the perhaps more sophisticated idea that Bengel's first principle should be adhered to. Thus "the form of the text is more likely the original which best explains the emergence of the others". The verses that in question here clearly do not best explain the emergence of

Independent Auditors Report Essay Example for Free

Independent Auditors Report Essay LCC has conducted an audit of Apollo Shoes, Inc. balance sheets, the retained earnings, cash flows, and other related statements of income for the year ended December 31, 2006/2007. Apollo Shoes Inc management is responsible for maintaining the effective internal controls that goes along with the financial statements and how well the accuracy is going to be. LLC has evaluated the effectiveness of the said controls and with everything to see the relevance in the timing, the substantive in quality, and the comprehensive in nature. The responsibility of our firm is to express an opinion that is supported by audit evidence in regards to the accuracy of the Apollo Shoes, Inc. financial statements. Our firm has conducted all audit related services that is accepted by the United States and the generally accepted auditing standards. The planning and performance done ensures that the audit was done to execute and obtain reasonable assurance that the financial statements published by Apollo Shoes, Inc. are free and clear of material misstatement. It is going to include the examination of the evidence and/or the supporting documentation for the amounts that are disclosed and included in the financial statements. The assessment of the accounting principles that were used, how the management did their estimates and the overall evaluation of the presentation of the financial statements (Arens, Elder, Beasley, 2006). Therefore, we assert that this audit provides a reasonable basis for our rendered opinions with the information that was provided by Apollo Shoes, Inc. The consolidated financial statement referred to above have been presented fairly, in our opinion, based on the LLC audit services and those of the prior auditor. While accompanied by an explanatory paragraph below, the results of Apollo Shoes, Inc. financial position of the company as of December 31, 2006/2007 the cash flows and the operations for the year are in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles. The financial statements of Apollo Shoes, Inc have been prepared assuming that they will remain in a going concern. The purpose of the LCC audit was not to evaluate the health of the company; SAS 59 indicated that the auditor has the responsibility to evaluate the company and to see whether the company is likely to remain a going concern (Arens, Elder, Beasley, 2006). LLC have expressed some uncertainty over Apollo Shoes, Inc. status as a going concern for a couple of factors. They are related to a loss of major customers that are pending legal proceedings, which could jeopardize the organization and its ability to operate. Mall Warts, the largest customer for Apollo Shoes, Inc. has declared bankruptcy, which has prompted a reduction in the clients operating activity, workforce and now an ongoing labor strike. It is a class action lawsuit for $12,000,000 for a gross negligence and violation of warranty on the merchantability that was filed in early 2008. With the legal fees that had incurred in 2007, the financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcomes of the uncertainties that are there.

Double Lives in Victorian Literature Essay -- Literary Analysis

The existence of a â€Å"dark double† abounds in many literary works of the Victorian Era. These â€Å"dark doubles† are able to explore the forbidden and repressed desires of the protagonist, and often represent the authors own rebellion against inhibitions in a morally straight-laced societal climate. The â€Å"dark doubles† in these stories are able to explore the socially unacceptable side of human nature, and it is through these â€Å"dark doubles† that many of the main characters (and through them, the reader), are able to vicariously explore and experience the illicit, forbidden, and often exciting underbelly of what was considered deviant behavior. The accepted â€Å"normal† behavior that strict Victorian social protocol demanded could be cast aside by these â€Å"dark doubles† and the â€Å"immoral† desires of the human heart could be explored in the safety of ones sitting room. In Oscar Wilde's play, â€Å"The Importance of Being Ernest,† we see a satirical prodding of the hypocrisy associated within the strict moral code of English â€Å"genteel† society. The play's protagonist, Jack, creates his own â€Å"dark double†, his supposed carefree, immoral, and decadent brother, Ernest. It is through his own creation of Ernest that Jack is able to lead his entertaining double life. While portraying himself as Ernest, we see Jack pursue all of the things that he is incapable of exploring in his own stuffy Victorian world as Jack. While explaining his presence in town to Algy, Ernest states, â€Å"Oh, pleasure, pleasure! What else should bring one anywhere?† (690). Ernest goes on to explain to Algy what occupies his time this way, â€Å"When one is in town one amuses oneself. When one is in the country one amuses other p... ...clear through the literature of the time, that individuals were beginning to question the necessity, both morally and socially, of either living a double life or having to repress their desire to do so. It is through these â€Å"dark doubles† that many authors were able to explore and expose the hidden truths within their character's personalities, and possibly themselves. By giving their character's the â€Å"masks† of these â€Å"dark doubles†, they were able to tale the truth. Works Cited   Kipling, Rudyard. "The Mark of the Beast." The Broadview Anthology of British Literature. Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview, 2006. Print. Stevenson, Robert Louis. New York: Simon & Brown, 2010. Print. Wilde, Oscar. "The Importance of Being Ernest." The Broadview Anthology of British Literature. Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview, 2006. Print.

Birth Control and Abortion Essay

Other times of birth control which are a little bit more complexes are the IUD anther more percent type of birth control is getting there tubes tied. There are other things that women can do if they do become pregnant and they choose they do not want to have a child at this time in their life. There are pills they can take five days after they have sex which can be bought over the counter at any drug store, There are also abortion pills that can be taken up to your 6th week of pregnancy, and last but not least a women has the choice to terminate a pregnancy by getting an abortion. Abortion is a big issue in today’s times and it is also a topic that can make some feel one of many different types of emotions. Abortion can happen up until the 13 week of a pregnancy. Abortion is a permit solution in terminating a pregnancy it can also be damage a female in many different ways not only physically but mentally as well. Abortions are a way to terminate pregnancies but they should not be used as a type of birth control. There are many pros and cons of both situation and everyone women should look into their options Birth Control comes in many forms for both men and women. The most common for the two would be condoms and birth control pills. Women can also seek other methods like diaphragms, Depo-Provera shots, Norplant’s, Nuvarings, or even a birth control patch however; the most powerful form of birth control would be absence (Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 2007). All these methods are proven effective but may cause some side effects in some people. Birth Control Method| Common Side Effects| Depo-ProveraLess than 1 out of 100 women a year will become pregnant by taken the shot when directed. Cost: $35 – 75Injected into the arm and last for 3 months. * Irregular bleeding especially within the first year. * Change in sex drive. * Change in appetite or weight gain. * Headaches * Nausea * Sore breast| Norplant’s (Implants)Less than 1 out of 100 women a year may become pregnant. Cost: $400-800Inserted into the arm and last for 3yrs. | * Change in sex drive. * Irregular bleeding within 6 to 12 months. * Discoloring or scarri ng where the implant was placed. * Rarely, an infection in the implant location. * Sore breast * Weight gain| Birth Control PillsFew as 1 in 100 women will become pregnant in a year if they use the pill effectively. Cost: $15-50 per monthMust take pill every day at same time to be most effective. | * Bleeding between periods. * Breast tenderness. * Nausea and/or vomiting| Condoms 2 out of 100 women may still become pregnant after using a condom correctlyCost: $1 eachCan be used by men. This device also prevent against sexual transmitted diseases. Female condoms are also available. | * Most common complaint is people are allergic to the latex which condoms are made from. * Condoms do break which forms no protection. | These are just a few of the outlined cost and complications that have been associated with different forms of birth control. Although, many have a great success record absence is the only method that is truly 100% effective. However, if women and men both actively participate in using contraceptives then they may avoid STD’s (with the use of condoms), and unwanted or unplanned pregnancies. Abortion is a medical procedure for any expecting mother to elect to have about her own body. The procedure can be performed up until the mother is in her second trimester. When a child is in the first trimester they weigh on average a 1/2 ounce and estimated to be 3 inches long (Just mommies, 2003-2012). During the first trimester the child also has a heartbeat that can be heard with ultrasonic devices. When a mother reached her second trimester the child is still growing developing more specific features. By the end of the second trimester the child will have developed all major organs (Just mommies, 2003-2012). Many people consider the abortion procedure to be immoral and wrong because it involves taking the life of an unborn child who has already developing in the womb. Over 7% of women just their reason for seeking an abortion because they were a victim of rape or incest and health concerns for the mother or baby (M, 2012). Many women who opt for this procedure may find themselves suffering from guilt or depression afterwards resulting in a life altering experience. For individual who don’t want to have children they have different types of birth control that can to prevent pregnancy. Birth control can come in a pill, patch, shot, surgical, internal, or abstinence. Birth control is not only for women but men as well. Men can use condoms to help protect them from getting women pregnant as well as protect themselves from sexually transmitted diseases. Men can also have a vasectomy which can cause them not to be able to produce children at all. Women have a similar procedure but it is called a tubal litigation. This prevents the woman from producing an egg and being fertilized. Each form of birth control comes with some type of side effect and it is best that the individual chooses what is comfortable for them. The side effects can vary depending on the individual and how their body adapts to the medication. Some women like to look at abortion as a type of birth control. There are different types of abortion and also different types of birth control. With abortion the different methods are used at each different point in pregnancy and may be performed different each time also. There are the first trimester abortions which can be suction aspiration or dilation and curettage also known as D&C. the suction aspiration is the most common surgical methods that is used in the first trimester abortions, this is when the cervix is numbed and stretched open. It allows the abortionist to suck the baby’s body out with a knife like plastic tube. During the suction the lining of the uterus may be torn away. The D&C methods are somewhat similar to the suction. The instrument used for this procedure is called a curette (a loop shaped steel knife) which is used to scrape the wall of the uterus. During this procedure the baby and the uterus if cut up into pieces and then sucked out. An abortion can also be performed with a chemical implantation. Abortions can take place in each stage of pregnancy and is performed in different ways according to the size of the baby and what stage you are at in your pregnancy. For the second trimester there is a procedure that is used that is similar to the D&C and it is called the D&E or dilation and evacuation. With this procedure the woman is given some type of sedative and the abortionist is dilates the women and use instruments such as forceps to pull the baby to pieces. There is also a late second and third trimester abortions. During the late second and third trimester abortions the abortionist uses instillation techniques which is injects lethal chemicals into the amniotic fluid by an amniocentesis, intra cardiac injections which stop the unborn heart or hysterectomies which are identical to a cesarean section and is intended to harm the child. These are only a few of the abortion techniques that are used but more exists. Birth control and abortions can help with decision making when it comes to having or not having children. Some individuals look at abortions and are totally against it and other may use it as a form of birth control. Women start out as teenagers using birth control to prevent early pregnancy or pregnancy at all. Both of these methods come with side effects and it should be strictly the individual’s choice to use either one.

Dramatic Tension in this final act Essay

Perplexed still, we get the impression that John Proctor wants his life but cannot stand having a guilty conscience. Elizabeth perhaps adds to his puzzlement, â€Å"I want you living John. That’s sure†. This is the first real emotion we have seen between them in the play. Elizabeth’s words finally persuades John to save himself, and as he confess’ Rebecca Nurse is brought in. Her presence makes John ashamed and guilty, especially when asked â€Å"Did you ever see Rebecca Nurse with the devil? † He is under immense pressure and when at last he is asked for his signed testimony we realise another factor as to why he took the ultimate sacrifice. â€Å"Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I live and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul, leave me my name! † The presence of Rebecca Nurse, a saint in his eyes, the importance of his name are all important factors as to why John Proctor gives up his life, but he also realises he will die a good man. It is the one good thing he can do for Elizabeth after all the pain he has caused her. There is a dignity in what he is doing for himself, Elizabeth and his own community. He is an important figure in his society and by standing up to the corruption and being brave enough he is truly doing the right thing but not just for himself. The last act shows John proctor’s emotions and his own physical bodily actions ‘in agony’, but when he tears up his false testimony his can stand up straight for the first time. His death will also bring redemption from his own guilt. He has made a statement as to how un-just and corrupt their justice system was, and by leaving behind a world of prosecution and pragmatism he has become a man of principle. In act four, John Proctor decides to give up his own life rather than confess to being with the devil falsely. We encounter Proctor as a different character, a martyr, almost Christ like. Procter wavers, and at one stage he wants his life, â€Å"I will have my life†, but at the last minute he tears up his confession to save his integrity. Arthur Miller builds up the tension in the last act by using the interaction of characters, language and stage directions. Arthur Miller reveals a character’s innermost thoughts and feelings. In comparison to Act two, when Elizabeth and John Proctor’s conversation had been confrontational and short plagued by the crime John had committed, in the last act when they meet for the final time, they act truly in love and this is portrayed by the stage directions given to the actors. John is described to be ‘weak of body’, but seems to be stronger here than at any other time in the play.

The Under Ground Railroad essays

The Under Ground Railroad essays In Americas 19th century, many slaves escaped North by way of the dangerous Underground Railroad to attain freedom. It was the most effective protest against slavery, resulting in many free lives. The term Underground Railroad does not mean underground tunnels, but rather secret routes escaped slaves followed, usually leading them north to Canada; the free land. Thousands of slaves escaped yearly through treacherous conditions to attain their freedom. Not only did the slaves have to be determined and secretive, they had to be strong as well. To defy the Fugitive Slave Act, many abolitionists risked their lives to covertly help hide the runaways, protecting them from bounty hunters. The Underground Railroad was the road the freedom for the blacks, no matter how far they needed to travel, they were determined to reach independence. Most slaves were owned by plantation owners who used them for field and housework. There were many principal objectives for running away: long exhausting hours, malnutrition, beatings, and fear of being parted from loved ones. Most escapees were men whose ages ranged from 16 to 35 years. Many masters offered little or no pay, forcing slaves to live in unhealthy living conditions. As a result, many were determined to run away, but mainly because coloreds hungered for liberation. The Underground Railroad spanned thousands of miles, from Kentucky and Virginia across Ohio and Indiana. In the Northerly direction, it extended from Maryland, across Pennsylvania, into New York, through New England. As a guide, thousands of slaves followed the North Star on clear nights, leading them to their next stop or station. Station houses were not merely places for a nights tarrying, but homes where the ill and fatigued might remain and be cared for until strong enough for the onward journey (James qtd. MacDougall 5). On clouded evenings, tree moss, w ...

Gilbane Gold Ethical Model - Analysis Case Study

Gilbane Gold Ethical Model - Analysis - Case Study Example This problem on fairness has been raised by individuals and masses for affirmative action on in convincing ethics. The place from which this case has been based on is Gilbane, an imaginary town. The mud that comes from the sewage plant situated in the city for very many years has been used as fertilizers and the sales are made under Gilbane Gold. This firm generates revenue from Gilbane Gold that supplements the city’s tax revenue. This tax revenues saves a family composed of four roughly 3000 dollars every year. For the lively income source to be protected, restrictions that are very harsh should be implemented on disposal of metals that are heavy in sewages. This sewage if well taken care of can provide farmers with fertilizers. Before the implementation of these regulations, this city had a good name on matters pertaining to business. It also gave tax abatements to the firms, which chose to locate to the town. Therefore, after the location of many firms into the city, enact ment of the restrictions was done. Z CORP being one of the firms that located there monitored discharge in monthly bases from the plants, which produced toxic materials at that time of manufacturing. The problem in this case arises where the firms in this city have the responsibility of supplying data from the tests carried out and modern tests have been developed. Firstly, the engineer in charge has the mandate to sign for the accuracy of tests carried out. There has been interference with the law that governs effluents in that its main purpose is to regulate amount of discharge and not the quantity as a whole. This makes it easy for a plant to operate within standards set by Gilbane just by escalating the discharge volume. Another issue on the modern test method is that if it is used there is a detection of excess emissions allowance frequently. In contrary, there has been a tendency to cling onto initial method of testing by the occupants of this city. Z CORP is faced with a prob lem on whether to disclose the outcomes or to undisclose it. If it does not do that employees may insinuate that, the firm portrays bad faith towards the city. The plant’s engineer dismisses a consultant, believing the action was out of warnings on discharge levels. This engineer has two concerns, discharge of metals by Z CORP and realization of the effect that the contract signed by Z CORP means to the city. The only action he arrives at is blowing the whole crime out through the media. Problem analysis In order to analyze the problem encountered, one has to be fit to act as the engineer, and should be in a position to handle the problems that were encountered by him. What this statement implies is that, an individual should first be an agent not a judge. The individual should be able to analyze the problem by imagining to be faced by it and has the responsibility to make a decision and not as one who evaluates. To start with, the debate, which appears to arise over moral is sues, is in the real sense disagreements on facts that are relevant. In any case two engineers fall out on a decision that the government opts to take; the engineers might think that the disagreement is about issues related to ethics. Further discussion reveals the difference emanates from the question of the best way to eliminate discrimination. Although some may conceptualize that women’s ethics will continue for a while despite taking of affirmative action, some have a different belief that there can be

Evolutionary Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Evolutionary Ethics - Essay Example What some evolutionists seem to say is that conduct which causes the doer of that conduct or even the race to which he belongs to survive is good conduct. It may be a plausible theory that prolongation of life in the individual or in the race is a good thing, so that all actions leading to it are good, but this is not an evolutionary theory of ethics. Like Sharmer (2004) wrote: "As we transition from kin and reciprocal altruism to species altruism and bio-altruism and as religion continues to give ground to science, we need a new ethic for an Age of Science, a new morality that not only incorporates the findings of science, but applies scientific thinking and the methods of science to tackling moral problems and resolving moral dilemmas. We have done well thus far, but we can do better" (p. 64) In contrast to the Shermer's statement, there seems to be something unstable about every evolutionary theory which tends to turn into a theory of a different type. This is especially true of the greatest revolutionary theories of ethics, that of the twentieth century philosopher, Michael Shermer. Is there a natural selection and a 'survival of the fittest' in the sphere of morality as there is in the sphere of biological evolution According to Shermer "with an ascending hierarchy of needs from self-survival of the individual (basic biological needs), to the extension of the individual through the family (the selfish gene), to a sense of bonding with the extended family (driven by kin selection [or] helping those most related to us), to the reciprocal altruism of the community (direct and obvious payback for good behaviours), to indirect altruism of society (doing good without direct payback), to species altruism and bio-altruism as awareness of our membership in the species and biosphere continue[d] to develop" (p. 20). If we were dealing with the positive science of ethics we could certainly make generalizations very like those that are made by the Shermer. Individuals and races may vary their conduct, just like the 'chance variations' of Shermer, and we may believe that certain varieties of conduct will lead the race or individuals that practise them to survive, while those practising other types of conduct will perish. There may be a struggle for existence in the world of men as in the world of animals; only in the developed stages of that struggle the qualities which lead to survival will change, as Spencer himself realized. According to Richard Dawkin, "such struggle engages not only human beings but lower beings too, all competing with each other for limited resources"1 (Bromberg). His philosophies are significant in realizing that human beings, in spite of everything, still act reluctantly on a biological level. The use of intelligence, as in the construction of aeroplanes and atomic bombs, and co-operation for